Understanding Stigmas Around the Term “Substance Abuse”

In this article, we explore the stigma surrounding the term "substance abuse,” discussing the origins of the stigma and how it has evolved over time. We also provide suggestions for breaking down stereotypes and promoting understanding, including the use of person-first language and consideration of the factors that contribute to substance use. Let’s learn how proper education and training can help break down barriers for a more empathetic understanding of substance misuse and addiction.

What is Substance Abuse?

Substance abuse, also known as substance misuse, is the excessive or inappropriate use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, illegal drugs, prescription medications, and other legal substances such as tobacco. Substance misuse can take many forms, including the misuse of legal drugs, over-the-counter medications, and the use of illegal drugs. Substance misuse is associated with a host of physical, psychological, and social harms, including addiction, mental illness, organ damage, impaired cognitive functioning, deterioration of family relationships, disruption of work and school performance, increased risk of violence and accidents, and financial hardship.

It is important to understand the stigmas surrounding the term “substance abuse” in order to reduce discrimination associated with it. Swapping for the more neutral “substance misuse or use” can help to create a more positive attitude towards those who are struggling with substance misuse, as well as provide more understanding and support for those who are in need of assistance.

Substance Use Disorder

While some individuals may be able to regulate their substance misuse in order to continue operating in daily life, others may not. Substance use disorder (SUD) is a mental health condition that impacts a person’s mind and behavior and can lead to their inability to regulate their use of substances. This disorder is treatable, though the symptoms can range from moderate to severe, with alcohol or drug addiction being the most severe form of SUD. Addiction is characterized by compulsive substance seeking and drug and alcohol use, despite harmful consequences, because of changes to the individual’s brain chemistry. Substance use disorder treatment typically involves a combination of mental health services, psychological, and social approaches, including counseling, support groups, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological interventions.

Exploring the Origins of this Stigma

The term “substance abuse” has been used since the late 19th century. It was initially used to describe the excessive intake of alcohol and other drugs, which was seen by many as a moral failing. In the mid-20th century, the term was used to refer to the misuse and abuse of all substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. During this period, the term was used to describe the social impact of substance use, as well as its physical and mental effects on users.

In the late 20th century, the term gained increasing prominence in public discourse. It was used to refer to the growing problem of substance misuse and the need for public health interventions to address it. The term is still used today, but many mental health experts recommend referring to it as “substance misuse” in order to reduce stigmas. Substance use or misuse better reflects the complex nature of substance use and its potential for both positive and negative outcomes. Substance use can be beneficial, such as when it is used to treat medical conditions, or it can be harmful, such as when it is used in excess.

Factors Contributing to Substance Misuse

Factors that can contribute to substance misuse include peer pressure, mental health issues, family or environmental influences, the availability of drugs, and the desire to escape from difficult life circumstances. Peers may encourage substance use or offer drugs or may dismiss concerns about the potential risks associated with substance misuse. In addition, people may be influenced by their peers to take part in risky behaviors such as driving while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety can also contribute to substance misuse. These issues can lead a person to self-medicate with drugs or alcohol in an attempt to cope with their feelings. Family and environmental influences can also contribute to substance misuse. For example, children may be more likely to misuse substances if their parents or other family members misuse drugs or alcohol. Substance misuse and addiction stigma can have wide-ranging and long-lasting impacts on individuals, families, and communities.

Breaking Down Stigma

One of the most effective ways to break down the stigmas around substance misuse and promote understanding is through education. This can include providing factual information about substance misuse, such as its causes, effects, and treatments, as well as involving those with lived experience, and how to treat them respectfully. Person-first language is a way of speaking that emphasizes the person rather than their condition, avoiding stigma and pejorative labels. For example, instead of saying "addict," one could say "person with a substance use disorder." Similarly, phrases like "substance abuser" can be replaced with "person who uses substances.”

Furthermore, creating an open dialogue between those with substance misuse issues and those without can help to promote compassion and understanding. This can be done through support groups, peer-to-peer conversations, and other forms of outreach. Providing resources and support to those affected by substance misuse can also help to reduce the stigma and create a more positive environment for those struggling with substance misuse.

How to Educate Others

Once you have taken in this knowledge about how to reduce stigma around substance misuse and those who it affects, it is important to educate others around you. EasyLlama offers two courses for multiple audiences on substance misuse, how to identify it, and how to find help. Our Drugs And Alcohol In The Workplace Training is specific to employers and employees, with a comprehensive overview of substance misuse, including the legal responsibilities and protections regarding substance use and employment.

Drugs And Alcohol Awareness On Campus provides two versions for students as well as faculty & staff members to empower them to create a culture of support and empathy around substance misuse, ultimately leading to a safer and more productive campus for all. If you are interested in learning more about these courses or the other options in our Workplace Safety suite, access your free course preview to experience our training for yourself!